Heat oil in a stock pot over medium heat and cook and stir steak until it begins to brown, about 2 minutes; season with onion powder and garlic powder. Stir chopped onion into steak mixture; cook and stir until onion is translucent, about 3 minutes.

Stir beef broth, brown sugar, soy sauce, ginger, and sriracha sauce into beef mixture; bring to a rolling boil. Reduce heat to low. Stir in rice noodles, carrots, cabbage, green and red bell peppers, and celery. Cover and simmer, stirring occasionally, until noodles are tender, about 8 minutes.