Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F (230 degrees C).

Combine broccoli florets and olive oil in a bowl and toss to lightly coat. Season with salt and pepper.

Lay a large sheet of aluminum foil on a flat work surface. Transfer broccoli to the center of the sheet and fold edges in to create a sealed packet.

Bake in the preheated oven for 10 minutes. Remove packet from oven and open aluminum foil to expose broccoli. Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese.

Return packet to the oven and continue baking until floret tips start to blacken and stalks are greenish-brown, about 10 minutes more.