Preheat the oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Grease a large loaf pan.

Whisk flour, 1 3/4 cups sugar, baking powder, salt, and baking soda together in a large bowl. Add melted butter; stir until mixture is crumbly. Reserve 1/4 cup each cranberries and mandarin oranges; stir remaining into flour mixture.

Beat milk, sour cream, eggs, and extracts in a separate bowl until smooth; gradually stir into flour mixture until batter is thoroughly incorporated. Pour into prepared loaf pan. Scatter reserved 1/4 cup each cranberries and mandarin oranges on top of batter; sprinkle with remaining 1 tablespoon sugar.

Bake in the preheated oven for 5 minutes; reduce heat to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) and continue baking until center of bread springs back when touched, 35 to 40 minutes more.