To make the salsa: Stir tomatoes, green onions, cilantro, lime juice, jalapeno pepper, 1 clove minced garlic, and salt together in a bowl until well blended. Cover and refrigerate until needed.

Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C). Lightly grease a baking sheet.

Place 1 teaspoon canola oil in a skillet and heat over medium heat. Stir in garlic and cook 1 minute until light brown. Mix in black beans, chicken broth, and chiles; simmer until beans are heated through, about 5 minutes. Turn off the heat and keep warm.

Place four tortillas on the prepared baking sheet. Sprinkle cheese evenly over tortillas; top with remaining four tortillas. Cover the baking sheet with aluminum foil.

Bake tortillas in preheated oven until cheese melts, about 5 minutes.

Place remaining 1 teaspoon canola oil in a skillet; heat over medium heat. Crack eggs into skillet and cook to desired firmness.

To assemble huevos rancheros: Place cheese-filled tortillas on four serving plates. Top each tortilla with black bean mixture, a layer of salsa, and an egg. Serve immediately.