Make crust: Combine butter, sugar, vanilla, and salt in the mixing bowl of a stand mixer; mix ingredients thoroughly with a paddle attachment. Mix flour into butter mixture to make a smooth dough. Press dough into a 9-inch tart pan; refrigerate crust for 30 minutes.

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).

Bake crust in the preheated oven until light golden brown, 15 to 20 minutes.

Make filling: Whisk together sugar, eggs, lemon juice, flour, and lemon zest in a large bowl until smooth. Pour lemon filling into crust. Cover edges of crust with strips of aluminum foil to prevent burning.

Bake tart until filling is set, about 20 minutes. Cool completely and dust with confectioners' sugar.