Preheat the oven to 325 degrees F (165 degrees C).

Cut the top off bread loaf; keep the top in one piece and set aside. Tear or carve out the interior of loaf to make room for filling; chop the removed bread into pieces for dipping and set aside.

Combine Cheddar cheese, ham, sour cream, cream cheese, green onions, green chiles, and jalapeños in a large bowl; spoon into hollowed bread loaf. Top loaf with reserved bread top; wrap loaf completely with 2 pieces aluminum foil.

Bake in the preheated oven until filling is cooked through and bubbling, about 1 hour 20 minutes. Serve with chopped bread pieces.