Place sweet potatoes into a large pot and cover with water; bring to a boil. Cook until tender, about 6 minutes. Drain.

Combine sweet potatoes, tomatoes, curry powder, chili powder, and cumin in a saucepan over medium heat and bring to a simmer. Add coconut milk, spinach, chile pepper, bouillon cube, and chili jam. Simmer until curry starts to thicken and has cooked down a little, 15 to 20 minutes.

Meanwhile, fry halloumi in a skillet over medium heat until browned, 4 to 6 minutes. Add cooked halloumi and chickpeas to curry and heat through, about 5 minutes.