Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).

Cook and stir bacon in a large skillet over medium-high heat until some fat rendered, 2 to 3 minutes. Stir in onion; cook until bacon crisp and onion tender, 7 to 10 minutes.

Combine baked beans, ketchup, brown sugar, Worcestershire sauce, prepared mustard, jalapeño, chili powder, and mustard powder in a large bowl; stir in bacon mixture. Pour into a 9x13-inch baking dish.

Bake in the preheated oven until liquid thickened, 45 to 55 minutes.